Types of transformer oil

Types of transformer oil


Transformer oil or insulating oil is oil that remains durable at high temperature. It has extra ordinary electrical insulating property and is widely used in oil filled transformer and have two major traits. Firstly, it is liquid insulation in electrical power transformer and second, it consume heat generated by transformer and acts as coolants.

Generally, we have two types of transformer oil

  1. Paraffin based transformer oil
  2. Naphtha based transformer oil

On comparing both transformer oil, paraffin oil is less corroded than Naphtha oil, though corroded product for particular grease in the naphtha oil is easily soluble correlated to paraffin oil. Since grease content in naphtha based oil is never expedite at the transformer  
On comparison of both transformer oils, paraffin oil is less oxidized than Naphtha oil, though oxidation product for instance sludge in the naphtha oil is extremely soluble compared to paraffin oil. Hence the sludge content in naphtha based oil is never precipitated at the transformer bottom. Therefore it allows oil circulation, hence the transformer cooling system running normally. For paraffin oil whose oxidation rate is lower compared to that of Naphtha oil is sludge and insoluble, it is precipitated at bottom of the tank therefore hindering the transformer cooling system.

 Because of oxidation sensitivities of the cellulose paper insulation made for the primary and secondary winding, the transformer oil protects direct contact of atmospheric oxygen.

Mineral Oil

Petroleum oil has been used for transformer oil since last few years. Moreover, overview of the source and refining process is as follows.

1. Crude petroleum

Crude oil are obtained by the extraction source known as crude petroleum. It consists of long chains of carbon compounds and lessor amounts of sulpher and nitrogen, deposited over millions of years with great pressure under the earth’s crust. Basically, hydrocarbon molecules can be classified into three groups.

1.1 Paraffin

It is main content of petroleum.

1.2 Cycloalkanes

Characteristically it contains a ring structure with six carbon atoms.

1.3 Aromatics


It has six member-ed ring structure, fall into two groups: mono-aromatics (single rings) and poly aromatics (two or more rings).

  2. Refining petroleum

Crude petroleum needs to be refined to some of these petroleum products like gasoline, kerosene, liquid petroleum gas, lubricating oils, etc. Fractional distillation is the name given to the process of refining of crude oil. It comprises a vacuum distillation called fraction tower where several catalyst and different temperature are used to get different product.   


Vegetable oil

Vegetable oils are obtained from plants. Edible oils are majorly used in food. Vegetable oils are mainly used in cooking but also used as supplements.

Vegetable oils are used for many purposes and can be classified as follow:

  1. Vegetable oils by source: Almost but not all vegetable oil are obtained from fruits or seeds of plants, such as nut oils.
  2. Vegetable oils by use: As mentioned, oils from plant and trees are used in cooking. It is also used for fuel, cosmetics, for medicines etc.


Hope you find this article helpful. To know more information visit Powerlink Oil Refinery
Location: United States

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